C Programming

BIT OPERATIONS
C has the advantage of direct bit manipulation and the operations available are,

Operation	Operator	Comment	Value of Sum before	Value of sum after
AND	&	sum = sum & 2;	4	0
OR	\|	sum = sum \| 2;	4	6
Exclusive OR	^	sum = sum ^ 2;	4	6
1's Complement	~	sum = ~sum;	4	-5
Left Shift	<<	sum = sum << 2;	4	16
Right Shift	>>	sum = sum >> 2;	4	1


	/* Example program illustrating << and >> */
	#include <stdio.h>

	main()
	{
		int  n1 = 10, n2 = 20, i = 0;
		
		i = n2 << 4;  /* n2 shifted left four times */
		printf("%d\n", i);
		i = n1 >> 5;  /* n1 shifted right five times */
		printf("%d\n", i);
	}

	Sample Program Output
	320
	0


	/* Example program using EOR operator  */
	#include <stdio.h>

	main()
	{
		int  value1 = 2, value2 = 4;
		
		value1 ^= value2;
		value2 ^= value1;
		value1 ^= value2;
		printf("Value1 = %d, Value2 = %d\n", value1, value2);
	}

	Sample Program Output
	Value1 = 4, Value2 = 2


	/* Example program using AND operator  */
	#include <stdio.h>

	main()
	{
		int  loop;
		
		for( loop = 'a'; loop <= 'f'; loop++ )
			printf("Loop = %c, AND 0xdf = %c\n", loop, loop & 0xdf);
	}

	Sample Program Output
	Loop = a, AND 0xdf = A
	Loop = b, AND 0xdf = B
	Loop = c, AND 0xdf = C
	Loop = d, AND 0xdf = D
	Loop = e, AND 0xdf = E
	Loop = f, AND 0xdf = F